閩客潮箏樂之型態探析與比較研究
中文摘要
閩南粵東之境的箏樂傳統包括了福建箏樂、客家箏樂、潮州箏樂三個箏樂脈絡，簡稱為閩南箏派（閩南箏）、客家箏派（客家箏）及潮州箏派（潮州箏）。整體而言三個箏派體系傳承的曲目互有重疊；在演奏風格上，閩南箏樂清麗簡約，客家箏樂典雅樸質，潮州箏樂妮婉轉。實際上三者在演奏手法、造句語彙方面則各有特色。本文探討三個箏派的眾多曲目在形質表現上的異同點，並在地緣與音景環境之下分析閩客潮箏樂的同質與流變。研究發現，特殊的地緣關係構成了閩客潮箏樂的音景，閩客潮三個箏派演奏手法的特點、用韻形質的不同，尤其是左手作韻技法的異質特徵，是區別箏派音樂風格最重要的因素。閩粵交界之境的生活地緣相近，民系之間的文化交流使得曲目充分產生借鑒和融合。不同民系的語言和習慣則使得演奏細節和審美意趣互有異質，構成一番似同若異的區域箏樂音象景況。
Abstract
In the cross-province area between South Fujian and East Guangdong, three main zheng schools are inherited, representing respectively Minnan people’s, Hakka’s, and Chouzhou people’s cultural traditions. Generally, the repertoire among these three Zheng schools somehow overlaps. Regarding to their stylistic features, Minnan zheng music mainly recognized as its simplicity. Hakka zheng music is always interpreted as classic and elegant. Moreover, Chouzhou zheng music is well-known as well-ornamented and charming. The stylistic features of three zheng schools are based on their unique performing skills as well as characteristic musical vocabularies. This article aims to investigate various repertoires from Minnan, Hakka, and Chouzhou zheng music in attempt to discuss the similarities and diversities based on the geo-relations and the melodic contours. The study indicates the fact that the special geo-relation of south Fujian and east Guangdong formed distinct melodic contours in this area. The playing techniques, especially the difference of left-handed gestures, are the most significant factor resulting in the stylistic diversity among three zheng schools. The regional distribution of three zheng schools has close relationship with life styles and cultural exchange of ethnic groups, including historic traces from the immigrants and clues from the communications among local musicians belonging to different areas. In the meantime, three zheng schools reveal some differences of linguistic background, playing details, and aesthetic point-of-view. Ultimately, there exists the similarity and diversity of the melodic contours among Minnan, Hakka and Chaozhou zheng Music.